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我一直以為圖書館在追求科技這件事，就本質而言是件很矛盾的事，(先不論以人文為本，以科技為用的想法。就單單看本質上), 圖書館不斷的追求科技，以求這些技術能讓讀者方便的得到精確的資訊，於是自動分類與索引是圖書館學的一門，於是數位典藏為我們要發展的一科，於是如何利用不斷發展的新科技在圖書資訊學上，是我們不斷努力的目標，但若是把它當做向量來看，時間為x軸、科技對讀者的重要性當y軸，y軸若是很緩慢的向上爬升，而當時間無限長時，科技對讀者的重要性總有一天會到頂點，那時，館員的重要性在哪？ 圖書館追求科技最終頂點是科技會取代圖書館，我以為這是本質上的矛盾。這篇文章就是立於這種論調上的一篇文章…
問我的話，雖然我認為本質如此，我卻不認為圖書館會被科技取代，因為讀者的需求會隨著科技愈來愈多，圖書館只要站在為讀者提供更好服務為前提的話，一定會有其存在的價值。圖書館未來的樣貌、圖書館員的角色是否如現在一樣，這倒是不得而知，但是我知道，若是圖書館／館員，在這數位變動的時代不求進步／不去學習，淘汰將是無可避免的，也沒得怨天由人…
原文請點我
The Death of Libraries by TR Staff
圖書館之死？
At most libraries, the hand-typed card catalogues thumbed by generations of patrons have been supplanted by electronic indexes accessed via PCs locally or over the Web. Now that Google has agreed to scan millions of books from five major libraries and to make their contents searchable on the Web—a project that experts say is likely to yield spinoff technologies that drastically lower the costs of digitization and catalyze similar efforts worldwide—can the disappearance of libraries themselves be far behind?
幾乎所有的圖書館，都由原來讀者手動翻閱的卡片目錄都被由電腦或是網路查檢的電子索引所取代。現在Google更得到五個主要的圖書館同意掃描其數以萬計的書並讓這些內容可以在網路上所檢索到-此計劃據專家表示會得到數位化成本大幅降低這個附帶效能，並在全世界裡催化出類似的努力-那圖書館會不會就這樣消失了呢?
Most librarians say no, as our story “The Infinite Library,” on page 54, reports. Whatever the form in which book content is stored, librarians believe, people will still come to libraries for expert help finding information, for public access to the Internet, or for the comfortable atmosphere libraries provide for reading and reflection. And there will always be a need, professionals point out, for places that preserve traditional paper books.
大多的圖書館員都表示不會的，正如我們在54頁所報導的"無限的圖書館"一樣。不論書裡的內容是以哪種形式儲存，圖書館員相信，人們還是會到圖書館以尋求專家幫助他們找尋資訊、或來使用公共網路、或來能舒服提供閱讀和互動的圖書館。專家們指出，要個地方來保存傳統紙本的需求也總是會存在的。
All of that may be true. But there is still room to wonder how libraries will trump the expediency of being able to download a whole book over the Web, at little or no cost, instead of schlepping to the library. Print-on-demand services are spreading fast (see “The Future of Books,” January 2005), and electronic reading devices will continue to improve until they rival the resolution and usability of regular books. At that point, the only burning reason for a physical trip to the library will be to see a copy of a needed book that has not yet been digitized, or that has been digitized but is not downloadable due to copyright restrictions.
這些可能全是真的。但是在其中還是有空間去思考圖書館如何能勝過在只需一點點或不用花費任何錢，就能在網路上方便地整本下載書本來取代到圖書館這件麻煩事。隨印服務正快速的擴張(見future of Books,”2005年一月 )，並且電子閱讀設備也正持續的改進，一直到能和傳統書本能一較高下為止。就這個觀點來看，對圖書館而言，只有一個強烈的原因會讓讀者實際到館：不是書還沒有數位化就是因為版權的關係還不能讓人下載。
So in reality, the future of libraries may rest on just two factors: the rate at which digitization and display technologies advance, and the evolution of laws and practices regarding copyrights. In the United States, books published before January 1, 1923, are in the public domain and can be copied and redistributed by anyone, free of charge. At the same time, many books written in the past five to eight years have been published in both print and electronic form, and libraries have arranged with publishers to make some of these new e-books available for loan. (Borrowed e-books typically “expire,” becoming unreadable after a certain period.) It’s arranging access to the huge number of in-between books—those published between 1923 and the late 1990s—that is the critical issue.
所以實際上，圖書館的未來只能看二個因素：數位化館藏率與顯示科技，和進階的，法律的演進和著作權的落實。在美國，在1923一月一日前出版的書都算公共領域，可以讓任何人免費的進行複製與重製。同時，很多在過去五至八年所寫的書是同時有紙本與電子二種型式，而圖書館已和出版商協調讓其中一部份書子書可以借閱。(借閱電子書的典型"到期，是讓在期限到時變成無法閱讀)。如何處理這些1923-1990年代內出版的書是目前關鍵的議題。
If publishers and authors maintain their tight control on these books after they are scanned, public libraries will still have an important place as a free source for them, even if they can loan out only a few electronic copies at a time. On the other hand, if Google and others can arrange with publishers and authors to allow low-cost downloads of whole books—a likely prospect, seeing that it gives publishers a new way to squeeze revenues from their backlists—then libraries will inevitably recede in importance. It’s a simple matter of convenience: free or low-cost access to digital books will make libraries more dispensable. Librarianship isn’t about to disappear as a profession. But if librarians want a steady supply of patrons, they’ll need to find ways to keep their institutions relevant in the digital age.
如果出版商和作者持續著嚴密掌控這些已掃描的書，公共圖書館仍會在免費資源上扮演很重要的角色，甚至如果可以他們可以於同時借出少數的電子複本。在另一方面，如果Google與其它能和出版商與作者協調，一如期望的允許以低價下載全書，這也給出版商另一個由庫存書單可以榨出利益的方式，隨之而來的，圖書館的重要性將不可避免的愈來愈少。這是一個有關方便性的簡單事實：免費或是低費用查檢數位書籍會讓圖書館愈變愈不重要。圖書資訊學不是會從專業裡消失，但是如果圖書館員想要得到讀者的堅定的支持，他們將需要去發現方法以求裡延續他們機構在數位時代存在的意義。
問我的話，雖然我認為本質如此，我卻不認為圖書館會被科技取代，因為讀者的需求會隨著科技愈來愈多，圖書館只要站在為讀者提供更好服務為前提的話，一定會有其存在的價值。圖書館未來的樣貌、圖書館員的角色是否如現在一樣，這倒是不得而知，但是我知道，若是圖書館／館員，在這數位變動的時代不求進步／不去學習，淘汰將是無可避免的，也沒得怨天由人…
原文請點我
The Death of Libraries by TR Staff
圖書館之死？
At most libraries, the hand-typed card catalogues thumbed by generations of patrons have been supplanted by electronic indexes accessed via PCs locally or over the Web. Now that Google has agreed to scan millions of books from five major libraries and to make their contents searchable on the Web—a project that experts say is likely to yield spinoff technologies that drastically lower the costs of digitization and catalyze similar efforts worldwide—can the disappearance of libraries themselves be far behind?
幾乎所有的圖書館，都由原來讀者手動翻閱的卡片目錄都被由電腦或是網路查檢的電子索引所取代。現在Google更得到五個主要的圖書館同意掃描其數以萬計的書並讓這些內容可以在網路上所檢索到-此計劃據專家表示會得到數位化成本大幅降低這個附帶效能，並在全世界裡催化出類似的努力-那圖書館會不會就這樣消失了呢?
Most librarians say no, as our story “The Infinite Library,” on page 54, reports. Whatever the form in which book content is stored, librarians believe, people will still come to libraries for expert help finding information, for public access to the Internet, or for the comfortable atmosphere libraries provide for reading and reflection. And there will always be a need, professionals point out, for places that preserve traditional paper books.
大多的圖書館員都表示不會的，正如我們在54頁所報導的"無限的圖書館"一樣。不論書裡的內容是以哪種形式儲存，圖書館員相信，人們還是會到圖書館以尋求專家幫助他們找尋資訊、或來使用公共網路、或來能舒服提供閱讀和互動的圖書館。專家們指出，要個地方來保存傳統紙本的需求也總是會存在的。
All of that may be true. But there is still room to wonder how libraries will trump the expediency of being able to download a whole book over the Web, at little or no cost, instead of schlepping to the library. Print-on-demand services are spreading fast (see “The Future of Books,” January 2005), and electronic reading devices will continue to improve until they rival the resolution and usability of regular books. At that point, the only burning reason for a physical trip to the library will be to see a copy of a needed book that has not yet been digitized, or that has been digitized but is not downloadable due to copyright restrictions.
這些可能全是真的。但是在其中還是有空間去思考圖書館如何能勝過在只需一點點或不用花費任何錢，就能在網路上方便地整本下載書本來取代到圖書館這件麻煩事。隨印服務正快速的擴張(見future of Books,”2005年一月 )，並且電子閱讀設備也正持續的改進，一直到能和傳統書本能一較高下為止。就這個觀點來看，對圖書館而言，只有一個強烈的原因會讓讀者實際到館：不是書還沒有數位化就是因為版權的關係還不能讓人下載。
So in reality, the future of libraries may rest on just two factors: the rate at which digitization and display technologies advance, and the evolution of laws and practices regarding copyrights. In the United States, books published before January 1, 1923, are in the public domain and can be copied and redistributed by anyone, free of charge. At the same time, many books written in the past five to eight years have been published in both print and electronic form, and libraries have arranged with publishers to make some of these new e-books available for loan. (Borrowed e-books typically “expire,” becoming unreadable after a certain period.) It’s arranging access to the huge number of in-between books—those published between 1923 and the late 1990s—that is the critical issue.
所以實際上，圖書館的未來只能看二個因素：數位化館藏率與顯示科技，和進階的，法律的演進和著作權的落實。在美國，在1923一月一日前出版的書都算公共領域，可以讓任何人免費的進行複製與重製。同時，很多在過去五至八年所寫的書是同時有紙本與電子二種型式，而圖書館已和出版商協調讓其中一部份書子書可以借閱。(借閱電子書的典型"到期，是讓在期限到時變成無法閱讀)。如何處理這些1923-1990年代內出版的書是目前關鍵的議題。
If publishers and authors maintain their tight control on these books after they are scanned, public libraries will still have an important place as a free source for them, even if they can loan out only a few electronic copies at a time. On the other hand, if Google and others can arrange with publishers and authors to allow low-cost downloads of whole books—a likely prospect, seeing that it gives publishers a new way to squeeze revenues from their backlists—then libraries will inevitably recede in importance. It’s a simple matter of convenience: free or low-cost access to digital books will make libraries more dispensable. Librarianship isn’t about to disappear as a profession. But if librarians want a steady supply of patrons, they’ll need to find ways to keep their institutions relevant in the digital age.
如果出版商和作者持續著嚴密掌控這些已掃描的書，公共圖書館仍會在免費資源上扮演很重要的角色，甚至如果可以他們可以於同時借出少數的電子複本。在另一方面，如果Google與其它能和出版商與作者協調，一如期望的允許以低價下載全書，這也給出版商另一個由庫存書單可以榨出利益的方式，隨之而來的，圖書館的重要性將不可避免的愈來愈少。這是一個有關方便性的簡單事實：免費或是低費用查檢數位書籍會讓圖書館愈變愈不重要。圖書資訊學不是會從專業裡消失，但是如果圖書館員想要得到讀者的堅定的支持，他們將需要去發現方法以求裡延續他們機構在數位時代存在的意義。
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